Kodi ndizofunikira ziti zachitsulo pozimitsa moto m’ng’anjo yotentha?

Chitsulo chotsekera magetsi oyatsira moto amakhala ndi zofunikira izi:

1) Chitsulo cha kaboni chatsimikiziridwa ndi magwiridwe antchito am’magawo, ndipo w (C) akhoza kukhala 0.15% mpaka 1.2%, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri.

2) Chitsulo chiyenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi cha njere za austenite zovuta kukula, ndipo chitsulo cholimba bwino chiyenera kusankhidwa.

3) Chitsulo chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso obalalika momwe zingathere. Zomwe zili pamwambapa, 2) ndi 3) zinthu ziwiri zimathandizira kuti chitsulo chikhale ndi mbewu zabwino za austenite ndi kutentha kwakukula kwa tirigu pakatentha. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakuwotcha kotentha, chifukwa kutenthetsa kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwa m’ng’anjo. , Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwongolera molondola kutentha kwake. Pakadali pano, wamkulu magetsi oyatsira moto kuzimitsa chitsulo, kukula kwa tirigu kumayendetsedwa pa 5 mpaka 8.

Kutentha kotentha kotentha kumakhala ndi zofunikira pakuyamba kutentha kwazitsulo. Chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha chikazimitsidwa ndi kupsinjika ndi zinthu zomwezo zachitsulo, popeza sorbite ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri, kusintha kwa austenite kumakhala kothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kofunikira kotentha ndikotsika kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuuma komwe kumapezeka Kwambiri, kuzama kwambiri wosanjikiza wolimba akhoza kupezeka. Pamene chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha chikuyimira bwino, kusintha kwa pearlite yabwino kwambiri kukhala austenite kumafuna kutentha kwakukulu; momwe kapangidwe koyambirira kamakhala kosalala kozungulira pearlite ndi ferrite yochulukirapo (hypoeutectoid iron annealing state), ndiye Kutentha kotentha kumafunika. Ngakhale zili choncho, chifukwa chakanthawi kochepa kotenthetsera, padzakhala ferrite osasungunuka pamakonzedwe. Mukazimitsa mu ng’anjo yotenthetsera, kulimba kwazitsulo kumathandizabe. Mofananamo, pamene chinyezi chimakhala chakuya, momwe chimapangidwira bwino, chimakulirakulira, komanso zinthu zomwe zili mchitsulo, monga Mn (manganese), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), ndi zina zotero pakukhudzanso kuuma kwa chitsulo.

4) Zomwe zili ndi kaboni. Kwa magawo ena ofunikira monga ma crankshafts, camshafts, ndi zina zambiri, posankha magalasi azitsulo, zofunikira zina pazomwe zasankhidwa ndi kaboni zimayikidwa patsogolo. 0.08% (monga 0.42% mpaka 0.50%) yachepetsedwa kufika pamtundu wa 0.05% (monga 0.42% mpaka 0.47%), zomwe zitha kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwakukhala ndi kaboni paming’alu kapena kusintha kwakuya kwa wosanjikiza. Wolembayo wasanthula chitsulo cha 45 kuchokera m’malo osiyanasiyana kuti atseke mu ng’anjo yotenthetsera khosi la crankshaft, ndipo apeza kuti munjira yomweyi, kuzama kwake ndikosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake chikugwirizana ndi Mn wa nkhaniyo komanso zomwe Cr ndi Ni ali nazo pazonyansa. . Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zosayera zazitsulo zakunja, zomwe zili mu Cr ndi Ni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa zazitsulo zapakhomo. Chifukwa chake, zothetsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana. Mfundo iyi iyenera kulipidwa.

5) Decarburization kuya kwa zofunikira zazitsulo zozizira zokopa. Pamene chitsulo chozizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozimitsa mu magetsi oyatsira moto, Pali zofunikira pakuya kwathunthu kwa decarburization padziko. Nthawi zambiri kuzama kwathunthu kwa decarburization mbali iliyonse kuyenera kukhala kochepera 1% m’mimba mwake kapamwamba kapena makulidwe amphika wachitsulo. Kuuma kwa kaboni wosanjikiza wa kaboni kumakhala kotsika kwambiri mutatha kuzimitsa, chitsulo chozizira chomwe chimakopeka chiyenera kukhala pansi kuti muchotse mpweya wosanjikiza usanayang’ane kuuma kothetsa.