感應爐的基本分類

Induction furnaces can be divided into high frequency furnaces, intermediate frequency furnaces and industrial frequency furnaces according to the power frequency; according to the process purpose, they can be divided into melting furnaces, heating furnaces, heat treatment equipment and welding equipment; according to their structure, transmission mode, etc. sort. Commonly used induction furnaces are habitually grouped into hearted induction melting furnaces, induction melting furnaces, vacuum induction melting furnaces, induction hardening equipment and induction head thermal equipment, etc. The name of the smelting furnace is relative to the induction smelting furnace. The molten metal is contained in a crucible, so it is also called a crucible furnace. This type of furnace is mainly used for smelting and heat preservation of special steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals and their alloys. The coreless furnace has many advantages such as high melting temperature, less impurity pollution, uniform alloy composition, and good working conditions. Compared with the cored furnace, the coreless furnace is easier to start and change the metal varieties, and it is more flexible to use, but its electric and thermal efficiency is far lower than that of the cored furnace. Due to the low surface temperature of the coreless furnace, it is not conducive to smelting that requires high-temperature slagging processes.

熔煉爐分為高頻、中頻和工頻。

(1)高頻熔煉爐

高頻爐的容量一般在50公斤以下，適用於實驗室和小規模生產冶煉特殊鋼和特殊合金。

(2)中頻熔煉爐

中頻熔煉爐的容量和功率比高頻爐大。 主要用於冶煉特殊鋼、磁性合金和銅合金。 由於這種爐子需要昂貴的變頻設備，在一些容量較大的場合已經改用工頻無芯爐。 但是，與工頻爐相比，中頻爐也有自己的獨特之處。 比如同樣容量的爐子，中頻爐的輸入功率比工頻爐大，所以熔化速度更快。 中頻爐在冷爐開始熔化時無需抬起爐塊。 金屬液可倒出，使用更靈活 工頻爐靈活方便； 另外，中頻熔煉爐中的溶液對坩堝的沖刷較輕，有利於爐襯。 因此，在大功率廉價中頻電源研製成功後，中頻爐還是大有可為的。

(3)工頻熔煉爐

工頻熔煉爐是幾種熔煉爐中最新、發展最快的一種。 主要用於鑄鐵和鋼的冶煉，特別是高強度鑄鐵和合金鑄鐵的冶煉，以及鑄鐵溶液的加熱、保溫和成分調整； 此外，還用於銅、鋁等有色金屬及其合金的冶煉。 如果爐容量小，使用工頻是不經濟的。 以鑄鐵為例。 當容量小於750公斤時，電效率會顯著下降。 真空感應熔煉爐用於熔煉耐熱合金、磁性合金、電工合金和高強度鋼。 這種爐型的特點是在熔化過程中更容易控制爐溫、真空度和熔化時間，因此爐料的脫氣可以非常充分。 此外，合金材料的添加量也可以精確控制，是冶煉耐熱合金和含有鋁、鈦等活性元素的精密合金的較合適的爐子。

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