Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona lapho ukuxolelwa kucinyiwe futhi kupholile?

Namuhla, ngizokusa ukuthi uqonde ukuthi izinkinga zekhwalithi yokwelashwa kokushisa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokucima nokupholisa kwenqubo yokuxolelwa ikakhulukazi: ukuqina okunganele ngemuva kokucima, ubulukhuni obungalingani esimweni esivaliwe, ukujula kokuqina kokuqina okunganele; ukuqina ngokweqile komgogodla ngemuva kokucima; ukweqisa okweqile kokuqeda; kucima ukuqhekeka; Ukukhanya kwendawo akwanele ngemuva kokucinywa kukawoyela.

Okulandelayo, ngizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngezinkinga zekhwalithi nezixazululo zokuxolelwa ngesikhathi sokucima nokupholisa:

Ubulukhuni obunganele nokujula kokuqina okunganele: Izinga eliphansi lokuqeda ukupholisa yisizathu sokungeneli kokuqina kokuqina, ubulukhuni obungalingani kanye nokujula kokuqina okunganele. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwangempela kwento, ukwakheka, usayizi kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-forgings ecishiwe yangempela, ingahlukaniswa kube izinga lokushisa eliphakeme Kunezimo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezinga lokupholisa elinganele ngezigaba, inani lokupholisa elinganele ezingeni eliphakathi neliphansi lokushisa, kanye nezinga lokupholisa elinganele ezigabeni zokushisa okuphansi. Ngokwesibonelo. Kwama-forgings amancane naphakathi, ubulukhuni obanele bokucisha kuvame ukubangelwa ukunganele kwenani lokupholisa ezigabeni eziphakathi neziphezulu zokushisa. Lapho ukukhohlwa nge-modulus enkulu kudinga isendlalelo esiqinile esiqinile, kuyadingeka kakhulu ukwandisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa. Okokucima uwoyela, ngokujwayelekile, uwoyela unesiteji sefilimu esifushane, isilinganiso sokupholisa esisheshayo emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo, kanye nesilinganiso sokupholisa esisheshayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuvame ukuthola ubulukhuni obuphezulu nobufanayo bokucima nokujula okwanele kokucima.

Indlela i-workpiece efakwe ngayo nayo inomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokupholisa wokuqeda. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugeleza kukawoyela okucimayo kungaphazanyiswa, nokuhlomisa nokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxuba elihle ukuthola umphumela ongcono. Ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-quenching medium elisetshenzisiwe kungakhuphula ukujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile. Endabeni yokusatshalaliswa kokuhlushwa okufanayo kwekhabhoni kusendlalelo se-carburized, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ocimayo onezinga eliphakeme lokushisa okuphansi kuncike ekutholeni ungqimba oluqinile oluqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ocisha ngezinga elipholile lokupholisa kunganciphisa isikhathi se-carburizing sohlelo lokusebenza ngokufanayo. Ungathola ukujula okudingekayo kocingo lokucisha nokuqinisa. Lapho kukhula ukujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile se-carburized okudingekayo, umphumela walokhu usobala ucace kakhulu ekunciphiseni isikhathi se-carburizing.

Ubulukhuni bomongo ngemuva kokucima buphakeme kakhulu: lolu hlobo lwenkinga lungahle luhlobane nesilinganiso sokupholisa esisheshayo sesilinganiso esikhethiwe noma izinga lokupholisa eliphansi kakhulu eliphakathi nendawo. Esinye sezixazululo ukuguqula uwoyela ocisha ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Indlela yesibili ukuxhumana nomakhi ophakathi nendawo oqeda ukucisha bese ufaka izithasiselo ezifanele ukwehlisa izinga lokupholisa uwoyela ocimayo emazingeni aphakathi naphakathi. Indlela yesithathu ukushintshela ensimbi ngobulukhuni obuphansi.

Ukucima inkinga yokusonteka: Ukuqeda ukusonteka kubangele amafektri amaningi ukuthi acabangisise. Ngokwesiko, isixazululo senkinga ye-deformation imvamisa sifaka iminyango eminingi, futhi isixazululo imvamisa siyindlela ephelele. Imbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka kubangelwa ukungapholi ngokwanele nokupholisa okungalingani, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuphakanyiswa indlela yesisombululo yokunyusa izinga lokupholisa nokuzama ukufeza ukupholisa okufanayo. Izinyathelo zokukhuphula izinga lokupholisa elicimayo kufanele zengezwe kuphela lapho izinyathelo eziya ngasentweni efanayo yesenzo zikhethwe ngokufanelekile. Ingakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqeda ukuqeda ukukhohlwa okuningi. Isibonelo, ukuguquguquka komgodi wangaphakathi we-spline wokukhahlela kuvame ukubangelwa ukunganele kwenani lokushisa eliphakeme le-oyili ekhethiwe yokuqeda, noma isigaba sefilimu somfutho omude ngokweqile. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokushisa kukawoyela nokwandisa izinga lokupholisa likawoyela kuyo yonke inqubo yokupholisa kungaxazulula inkinga yokushona komgodi wangaphakathi we-spline. Okwe-forgings, ikakhulukazi ukukhohlwa okuqonde kakhulu, ukukhetha okuhle nokusetshenziswa kwe-isothermal grading quenching oil kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ukusonteka.

Icima ukuqhekeka kokukhohlwa: Le nkinga yenzeka kakhulu ekuqedeni ukufakwa kokushisa. Khetha indawo enhle yokucima amanzi, efana ne-PAG quenching medium evame ukusetshenziswa ekhaya naphesheya ukufaka amanzi okuqala ompompi, inkinga izolungiswa. I-PAG medium isetshenziselwa ukushisa kwe-induction nokucisha. Ubulukhuni obuphezulu nobufanayo bokucima nobubanzi obuqinile futhi obuzinzile bungatholakala, futhi ingozi yokuqeda ukuqhekeka incane kakhulu.

Inkinga yokugqama: Ngezikhathi lapho kudingeka khona lesi sici, kufanele kusetshenziswe uwoyela ocisha ngokukhanyayo noma uwoyela oqeda ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokupholisa likawoyela ocisha ngokukhanyayo alanele ngokwanele uma ukukhanya kwamafutha okucisha okukhanyayo kukuhle, futhi ukugqama kukawoyela ocisha ngezinga elipholile lokupholisa akwenele ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya kwamafutha ashisayo ngokuvamile kubi. Ungashintsha uwoyela noma ungeze izithasiselo ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya.