Ngabe i ukuchithwa kwesithando somlilo ukwenza insimbi?

Okokuqala ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwensimbi esithandweni sokuncibilika se-induction:

1. Lapho ulungiselela ukwenza insimbi, umsebenzi wokuhlola wokuqala akufanele ushaywe indiva. Kufanele uqale uqonde isimo solayini lwesithando somlilo, ukuthi amathuluzi okukhiqiza aphelele yini, nokuthi iphaneli yesithando somlilo esincibilikisa induction ijwayelekile yini.

2. Zonke izisekelo ezimbili zesithando somlilo ziyisethi, futhi imikhiqizo edingekayo njenge-ferrosilicon, i-manganese ephakathi, i-synthetic slag, i-ejenti yokulondoloza ukushisa, njll. kumele ilungiswe endaweni futhi ibekwe phakathi kwesithando somlilo.

3. Izinto zensimbi kufanele zibe khona, futhi isithando somlilo asikwazi ukuqaliswa uma izinto zensimbi zingalungiswanga ngokugcwele.

4. Naka indawo yokulala yenjoloba yokufakelwa kwesithando somlilo esincibilikayo, futhi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukushiya noma yiziphi izikhala.

Okwesibili ukunakwa lapho i-induction encibilika insimbi yesithando somlilo ingena esigabeni sokukhiqiza:

1. Ulwelwesi lwesithando esisha luzobhakwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zenqubo yokubhaka esithandweni esisha, futhi isikhathi sokubhaka kufanele sibe sikhulu kunamahora ama-2.

2. Okokuqala faka inkomishi yokumunca encane esithandweni ukuze uvikele ulwelwesi lwesithando somlilo. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka ngokuqondile izingcezu ezinkulu zezinto esithandweni somlilo esingenalutho, bese uvula ugesi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisebenzi sangaphambili sesithando somlilo kufanele sengeze izinto ezincane ezihlakazekile esithandweni somlilo ngesikhathi, futhi kwenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukuwisa. I-top stove top kanye ne-silicon steel sheet punch kuvunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa phakathi nohhavini, futhi akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa phakathi naso sonke isikhathi.

3. I-disk hoist iphakamisa impahla iyifake esitofini isuka esitokweni, futhi izisebenzi zangaphambili zihlunga insimbi elahliwe. Izinto ezikwazi ukuvutha neziqhumane ezihlungiwe zibekwe ngqo ebhokisini elikhethekile lokuqoqa futhi zibhaliswe futhi ziqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwesitofu.

4. Ibhokisi leqoqo elikhethekile lezinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo libekwe phakathi kwamasethi amabili ezisekelo zesithando somlilo, futhi akekho ongalihambisa ngokuthanda kwakhe.

5. Ukondla phambi kwesithando somlilo ikakhulukazi ukudla okwenziwa ngesandla. Ngemuva kokuthi i-scrap yesitofu ihlungwe ngokucophelela, ubude bezinto ezibonakalayo bungaphansi kwama-400mm, futhi impahla ekhethwe ngokucophelela ngumphathi wesithando somlilo ingangezwa ngenkomishi yokumunca. Umkhuzi wokushayela isihlalo somlilo ngasinye. I-Furnace master, uma abanye abantu bayala inkomishi yokuncela ukushayela, umqhubi wokushayela akavunyelwe ukuthi adle.

6. Inani lokudla lenkomishi yokumunca kufanele lilawulwe. Ngemuva kokwengeza, insimbi ye-scrap ayivunyelwe ukudlula indawo yomlomo wesithando somlilo we-induction melting. Insimbi engasahliwe ehlakazeke emlonyeni wesithando somlilo kufanele ihlanzwe ngezinkomishi zokumunca. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakela, indawo ezungezile yesithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-induction kumele igcinwe ihlanzekile ukuze kuvinjwe insimbi ye-scrap ukuthi ingawi futhi ibangele ukushiswa kwekhoyili yokungeniswa noma ijoyinti lekhebula.

7. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukunqwabelanisa inani elikhulu lezinsimbi ezilahliwe endaweni yesikhulumi, futhi inani eliphelele lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwezinkomishi zokudonsa ezingu-3 ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima bokuhlungwa kwe-scrap.

8. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma, opharetha kufanele aphendule ngokushesha ngemuva emlonyeni wesithando somlilo, futhi ngokushesha asuke endaweni yesehlakalo.

9. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphakela kusengaphambili, izinto ezinde nezinkulu kufanele zimiswe futhi zengezwe esithandweni ukuze zincibilike echibini elincibilikisiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuwengeza ngokuphelele ukuze kubangele ukuvala ibhuloho. Uma impahla yesithando somlilo itholakala njengebhuloho, ibhuloho kufanele libhujiswe kungakapheli imizuzu emi-3. Inkokhiso incibilika ngokushesha echibini elincibilikisiwe. Uma ibhuloho lingenakubhujiswa phakathi kwemizuzu engu-3, ​​amandla kufanele anqunywe noma ibhuloho kufanele libhujiswe esimweni sokulondoloza ukushisa ngaphambi kokuba amandla athunyelwe ukuncibilika okuvamile.

10. Kwezinye izinsimbi zensimbi ezikhuluphele futhi ezidinga abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 ukuze zithuthele esithandweni, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuyiphonsa esithandweni. Inguquko kufanele yenziwe onqenqemeni lwesithando somlilo, bese iphushwa ngokucophelela esithandweni.

11. I-scrap ye-tubular yengezwe esithandweni somlilo, futhi umlomo ongaphezulu wepayipi kufanele ube ohlangothini lokuthinta, futhi akuvunyelwe ukuba ube ohlangothini lokusebenza komuntu.

Okwensimbi ebandayo kanye ne-short-end eqhubekayo yokuphonsa ama-slabs ku-slag ladle kanye ne-tundish, insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sokuncibilika se-induction kufanele ifakwe iqonde ngemva kokuba insimbi encibilikisiwe ifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-2/3, futhi ayivunyelwe ukushaya isithando somlilo. ulwelwesi.

13. Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sokuncibilika sokungeniswa ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-70%, thatha amasampula ukuze ahlaziywe. Amasampuli akumele abe nokukhubazeka okufana nezimbobo ezishwabene, futhi awekho amabha ensimbi azofakwa ezinkomishini zesampula. Ngemva kokuphuma kwemiphumela yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali yamasampuli, izisebenzi ezilungisa izakhi zizosekelwe esimweni esibanzi sezithando zomlilo ezimbili. Nquma inani le-alloy elingeziwe.

14. Uma umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali phambi kwesithando somlilo ubonisa ukuthi ikhabhoni iphezulu, engeza amanqamu e-iron oxide ukuze kukhishwe i-carburization; uma kukhombisa ukuthi i-carbon iphansi, engeza ama-nuggets ensimbi yengulube ukuze i-recarburization; uma isibabule esijwayelekile sezithando ezimbili singaphansi noma silingana no-0.055%, ama-rakes azophela ngesikhathi sokuthinta. I-slag ene-oxidized, yandisa inani le-slag yokwenziwa eyengezwe ukuze i-desulfurization. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lokushaya kwensimbi kufanele lenyuke ngokufanele. Uma isibabule esijwayelekile salezi ziko ezimbili singu-≥0.055%, insimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele iphathwe esithandweni esihlukile, okungukuthi, ingxenye yensimbi encibilikisiwe yesibabule ithululelwa ku-ladle Yifake kwezinye iziko, bese wengeza ezinye. I-silicon steel sheet ibhoboza ezithandweni ezimbili zokuncibilikisa bese iyathepha. Uma kune-phosphorus ephezulu, ingacutshungulwa kuphela esithandweni esihlukile.

15. Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinsimbi zensimbi esithandweni zincibilikile, iqembu eliphambi kwesithando somlilo lizonyakazisa isithando somlilo ukuthululela i-slag. Ngemuva kokuthulula i-slag, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukubeka imfucumfucu emanzi, enamafutha, ependiwe kanye ne-tubular esithandweni. Izinto ezomile nezihlanzekile zisendleleni yokuncibilika. Kufanele ilungiswe. Ngemva kokuba insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni isigcwele, hlambulula i-slag futhi. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, engeza ngokushesha i-alloy ukuze ulungise ukwakheka. Insimbi ingashaywa ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-3 ngemva kokufakwa kwe-alloy. Inhloso ukwenza i-alloy ibe nokwakheka okufanayo esithandweni somlilo.

16. Izinga lokushisa lokuthinta: Ukusakaza okuphezulu okuqhubekayo 1650—1690; insimbi encibilikisiwe cishe ngo-1450.

17. Linganisa izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe phambi kwesithando somlilo, futhi ulawule ijika lokudlulisela amandla ngokuvumelana nezinga lokushisa elithephayo kanye nesikhathi sokuthepha esidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe ukusakaza okuqhubekayo. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukugcina isithando somlilo esincibilikayo esisezingeni eliphezulu (izinga lokushisa lokubamba lilawulwa ngaphansi kuka-1600 ℃)

18. Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola isaziso sokuthepha okuqhubekayo kwensimbi. Izinga lokushisisa lesithando somlilo esincibilikisa induction in the full liquid state: cishe 20℃/min ngaphambi kwezithando ezingu-20; cishe 30 ℃/min for 20-40 othandweni; cishe 30℃/min ezithandweni ezingaphezu kuka-40 Kuyinto 40°C/min. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phawula ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme esithandweni somlilo, liyashesha izinga lokushisa.

19. Lapho isithando somlilo sokuqala sishaywa, kufakwa i-100 kg ye-slag yokwenziwa kulondolozi ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa, kuthi ngemuva kokuthakwa kwesithando sesibili, kwengezwe ama-50 kg we-ejenti yokumboza kulondolozi lokugcina ukushisa.

20. Ngemuva kokuthi isithando somlilo sokuncibilika se-induction sesiphelile, hlola isimo se-lining ngokucophelela, futhi kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuthela amanzi esithandweni ukuze kuphole; uma ezinye izingxenye zesithando somlilo zigqwalile kakhulu, isithando somlilo kufanele silungiswe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithando somlilo, futhi isithando somlilo kufanele silinde esithandweni ngemuva kokulungiswa. Ukondla kungenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba wonke amanzi esehwamukile. Okokuqala, engeza inkomishi yokumunca i-silicon steel punch esithandweni, bese wengeza ezinye izinsalela. Isithando somlilo sokuqala ngemva kokulungisa isithando somlilo kufanele silawule ijika lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, ukuze uhlaka lwesithando somlilo lube nenqubo yokugcoba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungiswa Ngomphumela wesithando somlilo, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwengeza izingcezu ezinkulu zemfucumfucu esithandweni ngokushesha ngemva kokulungisa isithando somlilo. isithando somlilo.

21. Phakathi nenqubo yonke yokukhiqiza, kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuveza iphaneli yesithando somlilo ngaphandle, futhi i-rubber ye-insulating kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi uma yonakaliswa.