Melting, refining and deoxidation of steel and scrap

Mlanduwo ukasungunuka kwathunthu, decarburization ndi kuwira nthawi zambiri sizimachitika. Ngakhale ndizotheka kuwonjezera ufa wa mchere kapena kuwomba mpweya kuti uwonongeke, pali mavuto ambiri ndipo ndizovuta kutsimikizira moyo wa ng’anjo yamoto. Ponena za dephosphorization ndi desulfurization, dephosphorization kwenikweni sizingatheke mu ng’anjo; gawo la sulfure likhoza kuchotsedwa pazikhalidwe zina, koma pamtengo wokwera. Choncho, njira yoyenera kwambiri ndi yakuti carbon, sulfure, ndi phosphorous muzitsulo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za kalasi yachitsulo.

Deoxidation ndiye ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusungunula ng’anjo yotenthetsera. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino za deoxidation, slag yokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera iyenera kusankhidwa poyamba. Induction ng’anjo slag imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, kotero slag yokhala ndi malo otsika osungunuka ndi kutuluka kwabwino iyenera kusankhidwa. Kawirikawiri 70% laimu ndi 30% fluorite ntchito monga zamchere slag zipangizo. Popeza fluorite imasinthasintha mosalekeza panthawi yosungunula, iyenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, poganizira zowononga komanso kulowerera kwa fluorite pa crucible, kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo.

Mukasungunula zitsulo zokhala ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti ziphatikizidwe, slag yoyambirira iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo slag yatsopano iyenera kupangidwa, kuchuluka kwake komwe kuli pafupifupi 3% ya kuchuluka kwazinthuzo. Mukasungunula ma aloyi ena okhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso zosavuta zotulutsa okosijeni (monga aluminiyamu), kusakaniza kwa mchere wa tebulo ndi potaziyamu chloride kapena mwala wa crystal ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati slagging. Iwo akhoza mwamsanga kupanga slag woonda pamwamba zitsulo, potero kudzipatula zitsulo mlengalenga ndi kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni imfa ya zinthu alloying.

Ng’anjo yolowetsamo imatha kutengera njira yochepetsera mpweya kapena njira yotulutsa mpweya. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera mpweya, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi deoxidizer; kwa diffusion deoxidizer, carbon powder, aluminiyamu ufa, silicon calcium ufa ndi aluminiyamu laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa deoxidation, chipolopolo cha slag chiyenera kuphwanyidwa kawirikawiri panthawi yosungunuka. Komabe, pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa deoxidizer kuti asalowe muzitsulo zosungunula mochuluka, ntchito ya slagging iyenera kuchitidwa itatha kusungunuka. The diffusion deoxidizer iyenera kuwonjezeredwa mumagulu. Nthawi ya deoxidation Siyenera kukhala yayifupi kuposa 20 mino

Aluminium laimu amapangidwa ndi 67% aluminiyamu ufa ndi 33% laimu ufa. Pokonzekera, sakanizani laimu ndi madzi kenaka yikani ufa wa aluminiyamu. Onetsetsani pamene mukuwonjezera. Kutentha kwakukulu kudzatulutsidwa panthawiyi. Pambuyo kusakaniza, mulole izo zizizizira ndi kutumikira. Iyenera kutenthedwa ndikuwumitsa (800Y) musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha maola 6.

Kusakaniza kwa ng’anjo yosungunula kumafanana ndi ng’anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi. Zinthu zina za alloying zitha kuwonjezeredwa pakulipiritsa, ndipo zina zitha kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yochepetsera. Pamene slag yachitsulo yachepetsedwa kwathunthu, ntchito yomaliza ya alloying ikhoza kuchitidwa. Musanawonjezere zinthu zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi oxidizable, slag yochepetsera imatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kapena pang’ono kuti muwongolere kuchira. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, ferroalloy yowonjezeredwa nthawi zambiri imasungunuka mwachangu ndikugawa mofanana.

Kutentha musanayambe kugunda kungayesedwe ndi plug-in thermocouple, ndipo aluminiyumu yomaliza ikhoza kuyikidwa musanagwire.