Melting, refining and deoxidation of steel and scrap

Emva kokuba intlawulo inyibilike ngokupheleleyo, i-decarburization kunye nokubilisa akwenziwanga ngokubanzi. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukongeza umgubo weminerali okanye ukuvuthela ioksijini kwi-decarburize, kukho iingxaki ezininzi kwaye kunzima ukuqinisekisa ubomi bombane wesithando somlilo. Ngokuphathelele i-dephosphorization kunye ne-desulfurization, i-dephosphorization ngokusisiseko ayinakwenzeka kwisithando somlilo; inxalenye yesulfure inokususwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kodwa ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukuba i-carbon, isulfure, kunye ne-phosphorus kwizithako zihlangabezana neemfuno zebakala lensimbi.

I-deoxidation ngowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wokunyibilikisa isithando somlilo. Ukuze ufumane umphumo omuhle we-deoxidation, i-slag enokubunjwa okufanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe kuqala. I-slag ye-furnace ye-induction inobushushu obuphantsi, ngoko ke i-slag enendawo encibilikayo ephantsi kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kufuneka kukhethwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-70% yekalika kunye ne-30% yefluorite isetyenziswa njengezinto ze-alkaline slag. Ekubeni i-fluorite iguquguquka ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, kufuneka iphinde izaliswe nangaliphi na ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela impembelelo ephazamisayo kunye nefuthe lokungena kwe-fluorite kwi-crucible, isixa sokongeza akufanele sibe sininzi.

Xa ukunyibilika amabakala ensimbi kunye neemfuno eziqinileyo zomxholo wokubandakanywa, i-slag yokuqala kufuneka ihlulwe kwaye i-slag entsha kufuneka iveliswe, inani elimalunga ne-3% yezinto eziphathekayo. Xa unyibilikisa ii-alloys ezithile eziqulethe izinto eziphezulu kunye ne-oxidizable (ezifana ne-aluminium), umxube wetyuwa etafileni kunye ne-potassium chloride okanye ilitye lekristale lingasetyenziswa njengento ye-slagging. Banokukhawuleza benze i-slag encinci kwi-metal surface, ngaloo ndlela bahlukanise isinyithi emoyeni kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ye-oxidation yezinto ezixutywayo.

I-furnace ye-induction inokusebenzisa indlela ye-precipitation deoxidation okanye indlela ye-diffusion deoxidation. Xa usamkela imvula indlela ye-deoxidation, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-composite deoxidizer; i-diffusion deoxidizer, i-carbon powder, i-aluminium powder, i-silicon powder ye-calcium kunye ne-aluminium lime iyasetyenziswa. Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusabela kwe-diffusion deoxidation, iqokobhe le-slag kufuneka licutywe rhoqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukukhusela i-diffusion deoxidizer ekungeneni kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ngobuninzi obukhulu, umsebenzi we-slagging kufuneka uqhutywe emva kokunyibilika kwayo. I-diffusion deoxidizer kufuneka yongezwe kwiibhetshi. Ixesha le-deoxidation Akufunekanga libe lifutshane kune-20 mino

I-aluminiyam yekalika yenziwe nge-67% yomgubo we-aluminiyam kunye ne-33% yekalika engumgubo. Xa ulungiselela, xuba ikalika namanzi uze wongeze umgubo we-aluminium. Gxuma ngelixa usongeza. Inani elikhulu lobushushu liya kukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo. Emva kokuxuba, yiyeke ipholile kwaye isebenze. Kufuneka itshiswe kwaye yomiswe (800Y) phambi kokusetyenziswa, kwaye ingasetyenziswa emva kweeyure ezi-6.

I-alloying ye-smelting ye-furnace ye-induction iyafana naleyo ye-arc yombane. Ezinye izinto ze-alloying zingongezwa ngexesha lokutshaja, kwaye ezinye zinokongezwa ngexesha lokunciphisa. Xa i-slag yensimbi iyancipha ngokupheleleyo, umsebenzi wokugqibela we-alloying unokuqhutywa. Ngaphambi kokuba ungeze izinto ezilula i-oxidizable, i-slag yokunciphisa inokususwa ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye yokuphucula izinga lokubuyisela. Ngenxa yefuthe lokuvuselela i-electromagnetic, i-ferroalloy eyongeziweyo iyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazeke ngokulinganayo.

Iqondo lokushisa ngaphambi kokucofa linokulinganiswa kunye ne-plug-in thermocouple, kwaye i-aluminium yokugqibela ingafakwa ngaphambi kokucofa.