Melting, refining and deoxidation of steel and scrap

Mushure mekuchaja kwanyungudika zvizere, decarburization uye kufashaira hazviwanzo kuitwa. Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuwedzera mamineral poda kana kuridza okisijeni kuti decarburize, kune matambudziko mazhinji uye zvakaoma kuvimbisa hupenyu hwebindu rechoto. Kana iri dephosphorization uye desulfurization, dephosphorization haigoneki muchoto; chikamu chesarufa chinogona kubviswa pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, asi pamutengo wakakwirira. Nokudaro, nzira yakakodzera ndeyokuti kabhoni, sarufa, uye phosphorus muzvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvegiredhi resimbi.

Deoxidation ibasa rakakosha rekunyungudutsa muchoto chemukati. Kuti uwane yakanaka deoxidation mhedzisiro, iyo slag ine yakakodzera kuumbwa inofanira kusarudzwa kutanga. Induction furnace slag ine tembiricha yakaderera, saka slag ine yakaderera kunyungudika uye kuyerera kwakanaka kunofanira kusarudzwa. Kazhinji 70% lime uye 30% fluorite inoshandiswa se alkaline slag zvinhu. Sezvo fluorite ichinyungudika nguva dzose panguva yekunyungudutsa, inofanira kuzadzikiswa chero nguva. Nekudaro, tichifunga nezve corrosive mhedzisiro uye yekupinda mhedzisiro yefluorite pane crucible, iyo yekuwedzera mari haifanirwe kunge yakawandisa.

Pakunyungudutsa mamakisi esimbi ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekusanganisirwa zvemukati, iyo yekutanga slag inofanira kubviswa uye slag nyowani inofanirwa kugadzirwa, iyo yakawanda inenge 3% yehuwandu hwezvinhu. Pakunyungudutsa mamwe alloys ane yakakwirira uye nyore oxidizable zvinhu (senge aruminiyamu), musanganiswa wetafura munyu uye potassium chloride kana crystal dombo inogona kushandiswa se slagging zvinhu. Vanogona kukurumidza kugadzira slag yakaonda pamusoro pesimbi, nekudaro vachibvisa simbi kubva kumhepo uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kweiyo oxidation yealloying zvinhu.

Iyo induction vira inogona kutora mvura yekunaya deoxidation nzira kana diffusion deoxidation nzira. Paunenge uchitora mvura yekunaya deoxidation nzira, zviri nani kushandisa composite deoxidizer; ye diffusion deoxidizer, carbon powder, aluminium poda, silicon calcium poda uye aruminiyamu lime inoshandiswa. Kuti usimudzire kupararira kwe deoxidation reaction, iyo slag shell inofanirwa kuvezwa kazhinji panguva yekunyungudika. Zvisinei, kuitira kudzivirira diffusion deoxidizer kuti ipinde mukati mesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakawanda, kushandiswa kwe slagging kunofanira kuitwa mushure mekunyunguduka kwayo. Iyo diffusion deoxidizer inofanira kuwedzerwa mumabhechi. Deoxidation nguva haifanire kuve ipfupi pane 20 mino

Aluminium lime inogadzirwa ne67% aruminiyamu poda uye 33% yeraimu yehupfu. Paunenge uchigadzira, sanganisa lime nemvura uye wobva wawedzera poda yealuminium. Kurudzira uchiwedzera. Huwandu hwekupisa huchaburitswa panguva yekuita. Mushure mekusanganisa, regai itonhorere uye mushumire. Inofanira kupiswa uye kuomeswa (800Y) isati yashandiswa, uye inogona kushandiswa mushure memaawa matanhatu.

Iyo alloying yekunyungudutsa muto unonyunguduka yakafanana neyemagetsi arc furnace. Zvimwe zvinhu zvealloying zvinogona kuwedzerwa panguva yekuchaja, uye zvimwe zvinogona kuwedzerwa panguva yekudzikisa. Kana iyo slag yesimbi yakaderedzwa zvachose, yekupedzisira alloying oparesheni inogona kuitwa. Usati wawedzera zviri nyore oxidizable zvinhu, iyo inodzikisa slag inogona kubviswa zvachose kana zvishoma kuti ivandudze chiyero chekudzoreredza. Nekuda kwekuita kwe electromagnetic kubvongodza, iyo yakawedzerwa ferroalloy inowanzonyungudika nekukurumidza uye inogovera zvakanyanya zvakafanana.

Tembiricha isati yabaya inogona kuyerwa neplug-in thermocouple, uye aruminiyamu yekupedzisira inogona kuiswa isati yabaya.