Melting, refining and deoxidation of steel and scrap

Ngemuva kokuthi inkokhiso isincibilike ngokuphelele, ukususwa kwe-carburization kanye nokubilisa ngokuvamile akwenziwa. Nakuba kungenzeka ukwengeza i-mineral powder noma ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo ukuze i-decarburize, kunezinkinga eziningi futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa impilo yomugqa wesithando somlilo. Ngokuqondene ne-dephosphorization kanye ne-desulfurization, i-dephosphorization ngokuyisisekelo ayinakwenzeka esithandweni; ingxenye yesibabule ingasuswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kodwa ngezindleko eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, indlela efaneleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhabhoni, isulfure, ne-phosphorus ezisezithakweni zihlangabezana nezidingo zebanga lensimbi.

I-Deoxidation ingumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuncibilikisa isithando somlilo. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle we-deoxidation, i-slag enokwakheka okufanele kufanele ikhethwe kuqala. I-slag yomlilo we-induction inezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngakho-ke i-slag enephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi kanye nokugeleza okuhle kufanele kukhethwe. Ngokuvamile u-70% we-lime kanye no-30% we-fluorite asetshenziswa njengezinto ze-alkaline slag. Njengoba i-fluorite ishintshashintsha ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, kufanele igcwaliswe kabusha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa umphumela olimazayo nomthelela wokungena we-fluorite ku-crucible, inani elingeziwe akumele libe liningi kakhulu.

Lapho kuncibilika amamaki ensimbi anezidingo eziqinile zokuqukethwe kokufakwa, i-slag yokuqala kufanele isuswe futhi kufanele kukhiqizwe i-slag entsha, inani layo elingaba ngu-3% wezinto ezibonakalayo. Lapho kuncibilika ama-alloys athile aqukethe izakhi eziphezulu futhi ezi-oxidizable kalula (njenge-aluminium), ingxube kasawoti wetafula kanye ne-potassium chloride noma itshe lekristalu lingasetshenziswa njenge-slagging material. Bangakwazi ukwenza ngokushesha i-slag encane endaweni yensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela bahlukanise insimbi emoyeni futhi banciphise ukulahlekelwa kwe-oxidation yezakhi ze-alloying.

Isithando somlilo esingeniswayo singasebenzisa indlela yemvula yokukhipha ama-oxidation noma indlela ye-diffusion deoxidation. Uma usebenzisa indlela ye-precipitation deoxidation, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-composite deoxidizer; ukusabalalisa i-deoxidizer, i-carbon powder, i-aluminium powder, i-silicon calcium powder kanye ne-aluminium lime. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabela kwe-diffusion deoxidation, igobolondo le-slag kufanele ligaywe kaningi phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uvimbele i-diffusion deoxidizer ukuthi ingangeni ensimbi encibilikisiwe ngamanani amakhulu, ukusebenza kwe-slagging kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuncibilika kwayo. I-diffusion deoxidizer kufanele yengezwe ngamaqoqo. Isikhathi se-deoxidation Akufanele sibe sifushane kune-20 mino

I-Aluminium lime yenziwe ngempushana ye-aluminium engu-67% kanye ne-33% ye-lime eyimpuphu. Lapho ulungiselela, hlanganisa umcako namanzi bese ufaka impushana ye-aluminium. Govuza ngenkathi wengeza. Inani elikhulu lokushisa lizokhishwa phakathi nenqubo. Ngemva kokuxuba, yiyeke ipholile futhi iphake. Kufanele ishiswe futhi yomiswe (800Y) ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngemva kwamahora angu-6.

Ingxubevange yesithando somlilo sokungeniswa iyafana naleyo yesithando somlilo se-arc kagesi. Ezinye izakhi ze-alloying zingangezwa ngesikhathi sokushaja, kanti ezinye zingangezwa ngesikhathi sokunciphisa. Lapho i-slag yensimbi iyancipha ngokuphelele, umsebenzi wokugcina we-alloying ungenziwa. Ngaphambi kokwengeza izakhi ezi-oxidizable kalula, i-slag enciphisayo ingasuswa ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokutakula. Ngenxa yomphumela wokunyakaziswa kazibuthe, i-ferroalloy eyengeziwe ivamise ukuncibilika ngokushesha futhi isabalalise ngokufana.

Izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuthepha lingalinganiswa nge-plug-in thermocouple, futhi i-aluminium yokugcina ingafakwa ngaphambi kokuthepha.